{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Retrospective evaluation of the etiology and clinical characteristics of peripheral edema in dogs.
{Author}: Whelchel BD;Palerme JS;Tou SP;Ward JL;
{Journal}: J Vet Intern Med
{Volume}: 37
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: 2023 Sep-Oct 15
{Factor}: 3.175
{DOI}: 10.1111/jvim.16815
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>The prevalence and clinical characteristics of different etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs are unknown.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To determine the prevalence of different etiologies of peripheral edema, describe clinical characteristics that vary among etiologies, and report survival times.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Five hundred twenty-seven dogs with peripheral edema.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Retrospective medical record review. Differences in clinical variables among etiology groups were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis testing with post hoc pairwise Dunn's testing and Chi-square testing with Monte Carlo simulation.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The most common etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs were vasculitis (n = 193, 37%), lymphatic/venous obstruction (LVO; 114, 22%), and hypoalbuminemia (94, 18%). Right-sided congestive heart failure (R-CHF) was uncommon (25, 5%). Edema was localized in 377 (72%) dogs and generalized in 142 (27%) dogs, and hypoalbuminemia was more likely to cause generalized edema compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001). Concurrent abdominal effusion (155, 29%) was more common than pleural (77, 15%) or pericardial (12, 2%) effusion. Abdominal and pleural effusion occurred more commonly in dogs with hypoalbuminemia or R-CHF compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Distribution of edema, concurrent cavitary effusions, and clinicopathological data can help predict the underlying etiology of peripheral edema in dogs.