{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Performance of Gut Microbiome as an Independent Diagnostic Tool for 20 Diseases: Cross-Cohort Validation of Machine-Learning Classifiers.
{Author}: Li M;Liu J;Zhu J;Wang H;Sun C;Gao NL;Zhao XM;Chen WH;
{Journal}: Gut Microbes
{Volume}: 15
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 2023 Jan-Dec
{Factor}: 9.434
{DOI}: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2205386
{Abstract}: Cross-cohort validation is essential for gut-microbiome-based disease stratification but was only performed for limited diseases. Here, we systematically evaluated the cross-cohort performance of gut microbiome-based machine-learning classifiers for 20 diseases. Using single-cohort classifiers, we obtained high predictive accuracies in intra-cohort validation (~0.77 AUC), but low accuracies in cross-cohort validation, except the intestinal diseases (~0.73 AUC). We then built combined-cohort classifiers trained on samples combined from multiple cohorts to improve the validation of non-intestinal diseases, and estimated the required sample size to achieve validation accuracies of >0.7. In addition, we observed higher validation performance for classifiers using metagenomic data than 16S amplicon data in intestinal diseases. We further quantified the cross-cohort marker consistency using a Marker Similarity Index and observed similar trends. Together, our results supported the gut microbiome as an independent diagnostic tool for intestinal diseases and revealed strategies to improve cross-cohort performance based on identified determinants of consistent cross-cohort gut microbiome alterations.