{Reference Type}: Review
{Title}: Melanocytic Matricoma With Atypical Histopathological Features: A Case Report of an Extremely Rare Entity and Review of the Literature.
{Author}: Nogales-Moro A;Pinilla-Pagnon I;Silvestre-Torner N;Romero-Jiménez B;García de Casasola-Rodríguez G;Chao-Crecente M;
{Journal}: Am J Dermatopathol
{Volume}: 45
{Issue}: 6
{Year}: 2023 Jun 1
{Factor}: 1.319
{DOI}: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002427
{Abstract}: <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Melanocytic matricoma with atypical features is a rare, biphasic adnexal neoplasm displaying hair matrix differentiation, with only 3 reported cases worldwide. Generally, the lesion comprised a solid matrical and supramatrical cell proliferation, admixed with intermediate cell aggregates with sparse anucleated "shadow cells" and a prominent pigmented melanocytic hyperplasia. We report the case of a 78-year-old man with a slow-growing crusted lesion on the frontal left scalp, which in a matter of 1-2 months became a 0.6 cm well-defined, black purplish exophytic nodule. Histopathologically, the lesion presented a well-circumscribed border with a nodular dermal growth pattern, presenting different architectural features varying from benign pilomatricoma-like changes to atypical features such as moderate-to-high nuclear pleomorphism in both basaloid (matrical/supramatrical) and epidermal (keratinous) components. Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity for β-catenin was observed in matrical cells, whereas prominent cytoplasmic membrane positivity for Melan-A in dendritic melanocytes. Owing to the evidence of atypical cytological features, we propose the "atypical/borderline" category of melanocytic matricoma as part of a possible spectrum among matrical neoplasms. Pathologists should be aware of any atypical histopathological features while reporting cases due to their potential malignant transformation.