{Reference Type}: Review
{Title}: Misdiagnosis of placental mesenchymal dysplasia as pregnancy with hydatidiform mole: A case report and literature review.
{Author}: Tang P;Jin X;Li J;Zhang L;Li Y;Xu S;
{Journal}: Medicine (Baltimore)
{Volume}: 102
{Issue}: 15
{Year}: Apr 2023 14
{Factor}: 1.817
{DOI}: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033438
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental disease frequently associated with severe maternal and/or fetal complications. Its sonographic appearance is very similar to that of a hydatidiform mole. Hence, PMD is easily misdiagnosed as a hydatidiform mole. In this study, we reported the clinical features of PMD and analyzed its relationship to other severe maternal and/or fetal complications.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>A 28-year-old female, gravida 2, para 1, was referred to our maternal and child health hospital at 15 weeks + 2 days due to an ultrasonic diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole. Analysis of chromosome karyotype + mononucleotide-based gene microarray by amniocentesis at the 19th week of gestation showed that fetal amniocentesis chromosome 46, XN, high-resolution chromosome microarray analysis of Affymetrix CytoScan 750K Array revealed a 210 kb fragment deletion in chromosome 2p16.3 containing NRXN1, an OMIM gene, the deleted fragment was derived from a mother with a normal phenotype. The pregnant woman delivered a healthy baby girl at 36 weeks + 5 days.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Based on the clinical characteristics, imaging, and genetic test findings, the postoperative diagnosis was PMD.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Because of "Scar uterus" and "Pregnancy with hydatidiform mole," a 2490 g female infant was delivered by cesarean section at 36 weeks + 5 days of gestation with an Apgar score of 9/9.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The maternal human chorionic gonadotropin level decreased to the normal range after 10 days of delivery, and the infant was not found abnormal after 3 months of follow-up.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>From our cases and 19 other cases obtained from the PMD literature review are associated with unique clinical, laboratory, and imaging features compared with a hydatidiform mole, such as stained glass sign, normal serum levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels and female fetus.