{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension: How Do We Deal with Ascites and Its Consequences.
{Author}: Tonon M;Piano S;
{Journal}: Med Clin North Am
{Volume}: 107
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: May 2023
{Factor}: 6.912
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.12.004
{Abstract}: Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis, with 5-year mortality reaching 30%. Complications of ascites (ie, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, recurrent/refractory ascites, and hepatic hydrothorax) further worsen survival. The development of ascites is driven by portal hypertension, systemic inflammation, and splanchnic arterial vasodilation. Etiologic treatment and nonselective beta-blockers can prevent ascites in compensated cirrhosis. The treatment of ascites is currently based on the management of fluid overload (eg, diuretics, sodium restriction, and/or paracenteses). In selected patients, long-term albumin use, norfloxacin prophylaxis, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt reduce the risk of further decompensation and improve survival.