{Reference Type}: Review
{Title}: Avelumab plus Axitinib for the Treatment of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Dialysis: A Retrospective Case Series and Literature Review.
{Author}: Bando Y;Furukawa J;Hara T;Okamura Y;Terakawa T;Nakano Y;Fujisawa M;
{Journal}: Urol Int
{Volume}: 107
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: 2023
{Factor}: 1.934
{DOI}: 10.1159/000528447
{Abstract}: Combination therapies of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a molecular targeted agent are widely accepted as an appropriate initial systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but there is little published evidence regarding the efficacy of this approach in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Here, we report three patients who were undergoing hemodialysis for ESRD whose metastatic RCC was successfully treated using avelumab plus axitinib. The patients were a 67-year-old man with swollen lymph nodes, a 65-year-old man with pleural dissemination, and a 71-year-old man with lung nodules and an infra-diaphragmatic nodule. They were administered a combination of avelumab plus axitinib as their initial systemic therapy following definitive surgical therapy. The best response of three patients was graded as partial response. No severe adverse events were identified. This is the first report of the use of combination therapy consisting of avelumab plus axitinib in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis. We found that this combination was useful in such patients.