{Reference Type}: Review
{Title}: AQP4-MOG Double-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Case Report with Central and Peripheral Nervous System Involvement and Review of Literature.
{Author}: Spiezia AL;Carotenuto A;Iovino A;Moccia M;Gastaldi M;Iodice R;Tedeschi E;Petracca M;Lavorgna L;d'Ambrosio A;Brescia Morra V;Lanzillo R;
{Journal}: Int J Mol Sci
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 23
{Year}: Nov 2022 23
{Factor}: 6.208
{DOI}: 10.3390/ijms232314559
{Abstract}: (1) The co-occurrence of AQP4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in patients with demyelinating disorders is extremely rare. In addition, a concomitant involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has been described either in association with AQP4 antibodies-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or MOG-associated disease. We report on a case of NMOSD with co-occurrence of AQP4 and MOG antibodies and concomitant central and peripheral nervous system involvement. We also reviewed available cases of AQP4-MOG double-positive patients. (2) Brain and spine MRI, cerebrospinal fluid studies, and electrophysiological test were performed. Serum AQP4 and MOG positivity was assessed with live cell-based assay. (3) A 62-year-old woman presented with recurrent optic neuritis, myelitis, and radiculitis, tested positive for AQP4 and MOG antibodies, and was treated successfully with rituximab. (4) Although few cases of AQP4-MOG double-positive patients were already described mostly affecting females with a concomitant spinal cord and optical nerve involvement, we describe the first case of double-positive NMOSD with the peculiar involvement of both central and peripheral nervous system.