{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Application of phosphonium deep eutectic solvents as extractants in ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for preconcentration of trace amounts of herbicides in drainage ditches waters.
{Author}: Werner J;Kohut K;Frankowski R;Zgoła-Grześkowiak A;
{Journal}: J Sep Sci
{Volume}: 46
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: Jan 2023
{Factor}: 3.614
{DOI}: 10.1002/jssc.202200682
{Abstract}: In this study, an efficient preconcentration method was presented that is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction taking the advantage of newly synthesized phosphonium deep eutectic solvents used as extractants and ultrasound probe as a dispersing agent. The extracts obtained were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. To optimize the five most important factors for the microextraction procedure a central composite design plan was used. Under optimal conditions (140 μl of extractant, 60 mg of NaCl, pH = 2.0, 120 s of extraction time with ultrasound probe as the dispersing agent, 16 min of centrifugation for phase separation), the proposed method allowed to achieve good precision with RSD between 3.2% and 9.7% at 1.0, 5.0 and 40.0 ng ml levels. The preconcentration factors were equal to 42, 39, and 41, and the limits of detection 0.128, 0.103, and 0.135 ng/ml for dicamba, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in water samples from drainage ditches with a good recovery in the range of 70%-93%.