{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Formal Closure of Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Defects With a "Bow Tie" Tri-Layer Graft.
{Author}: El-Sayed IH;Jiam NT;Theodosopoulos PV;McDermott MW;Gurrola JG;Aghi MK;
{Journal}: Laryngoscope
{Volume}: 133
{Issue}: 7
{Year}: Jul 2023 28
{Factor}: 2.97
{DOI}: 10.1002/lary.30407
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>Risk factors for a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) after surgery include an intraoperative high flow of CSF, elevated body mass index, defect size, and defect site. In our prior series, a high postoperative CSF leak rate for tumors of the central skull base (planum, sella, and clivus) appeared to be due to graft migration. We changed our closure technique from a single layer of collagen +/- fat graft to a novel graft, termed a "Bow tie" (a tri-layer fat graft with two pieces of collagen matrix), and report our results in this study.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Retrospective temporal epoch study of a single otolaryngologist's experience of closing skull base defects in our skull base center from 2005 to 2017.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>One hundred and forty-nine patients met inclusion criteria in two time periods, pre- and post-introduction of the Bow tie technique. In epoch I, from 2005 to 2013, 79 patients had reconstruction with a single layer of dural graft (25 had additional free fat graft). In epoch II, from 2014 to 2017, 70 patients had reconstruction with the Bow tie.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>CSF leak rates were 8.7% overall: 15.2% in epoch I and 1.4% in epoch II (p = 0.01). After controlling the procedure, defects with a size greater than 2 cm had a 5.7 greater likelihood of failure. Epoch II had a lower incidence of major complications.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Using a single surgeon's experience, the multilayer Bow tie has a significant reduction in postoperative CSF leak and associated major complications for defects of the central skull base.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>3 Laryngoscope, 133:1568-1575, 2023.