{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Randomized controlled trial of early arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid enteral supplementation in very preterm infants.
{Author}: Álvarez P;Ramiro-Cortijo D;Montes MT;Moreno B;Calvo MV;Liu G;Esteban Romero A;Ybarra M;Cordeiro M;Clambor Murube M;Valverde E;Sánchez-Pacheco A;Fontecha J;Gibson R;Saenz de Pipaon M;
{Journal}: Front Pediatr
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: 2022
{Factor}: 3.569
{DOI}: 10.3389/fped.2022.947221
{Abstract}: <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>To evaluate changes in blood long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) and oxylipin concentrations in very preterm infants from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (WPA) after providing an emulsified arachidonic acid (ARA):docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement at two different concentrations.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>This prospective, randomized trial assigned infants to receive a supplement (1) 80:40 group (80 mg/kg/day ARA and 40 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9) or (2) 120:60 group (120 mg/kg/day ARA and 60 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9). Infants received supplement daily from birth until 36 WPA. At baseline, 21 days of life and 36 WPA, the LCPUFAs were measured in plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Additionally, LCPUFAs and oxylipins were analyzed in whole blood by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a sample of oral mucosa was obtained to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the FADS1 gene by PCR.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Gestational age was similar between groups (80:40 = 28+6 [27+3; 30+3] completed weeks+days ; 120:60 = 29+6 [27+3; 30+5] completed weeks+days , p = 0.83). At 36 WPA, the change in plasma ARA was significantly different between groups (80:40 group = 0.15 [-0.67; 0.69] %nmol, 120:60 = 1.68 [1.38; 3.16] %nmol, p = 0.031). In whole blood, the levels of ARA-derived oxylipins (5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 15-HETE and 8,9-EET) and EPA-derived oxylipins (18-HEPE) significantly increase from baseline to 36 WPA in the 120:60 group than the 80:40 group.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Supplementation at high doses (120:60 mg/kg/day) increased levels of ARA, and EPA- and ARA-derived oxylipins compared to low doses (80:40 mg/kg/day). Differences were detected in EPA metabolites without a significant increase in plasma DHA.