{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Risk factor analysis and nomogram development for steatorrhea in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.
{Author}: Liu Y;Yin XY;Wang D;Dong ZQ;Hao L;Chen C;Wang T;Zhang D;Ma JY;Yang HY;Li J;Zhang LL;Bi YW;Zhang Y;Xin L;Chen H;Zhang QS;Xie T;Lu GT;Li ZS;Liao Z;Hu LH;
{Journal}: J Dig Dis
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: May 2022
{Factor}: 3.366
{DOI}: 10.1111/1751-2980.13102
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>Steatorrhea, a sign of severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), is related to consequences caused by pancreatitis. This study aimed to identify predictors and to construct a nomogram for steatorrhea in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP).<BR><B>METHODS: </B>ICP patients admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to December 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective-prospective cohort study and randomly assigned to the training and validation cohorts. The cumulative rate of steatorrhea was calculated. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify predictors for steatorrhea and construct the nomogram. Internal and external validation of the nomogram was then performed.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>There were 1633 ICP patients enrolled, with a median follow-up duration of 9.8 years and 20.8% (339/1633) of patients developed steatorrhea following onset of ICP. Steatorrhea was observed in 93, 115, and 133 patients at 1, 3, and 5 years following diagnosis of CP, with a cumulative rate of 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1%-7.9%), 8.0% (95% CI 6.2%-9.8%), and 9.3% (95% CI 6.6%-12.0%), respectively. Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.479, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus at/before diagnosis of ICP (HR 2.274, P = 0.003), and aged less than 18 years at onset of ICP (HR 0.095, P < 0.001) were identified risk factors for steatorrhea. Initial manifestations were associated with development of steatorrhea. The nomogram was proven to have good concordance indexes.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>We identified predictors and developed a nomogram for predicting steatorrhea in ICP. It was recommended that high-risk populations be followed up closely, which might contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of PEI.