{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Suprapubic bladder aspiration: A novel method in the diagnosis of retrograde ejaculation.
{Author}: Uzun H;Akça N;Hüner M;Sönmez B;Yüksel AO;Özsağır YÖ;Uzun H;Akça N;Hüner M;Sönmez B;Yüksel AO;Özsağır YÖ;
{Journal}: Rev Int Androl
{Volume}: 20
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: Jul-Sep 2022
{Factor}: 0.66
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.005
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To investigate the role of suprapubic bladder aspiration (SBA) in the diagnosis of retrograde ejaculation (RE) which is diagnosed with the observation of sperm in post-ejaculatory urine (PEU). However, sperm is also observed in PEU after the wash out of the retained ejaculate in the urethra with the expulsion of urine in several subjects. Therefore, detection of sperm in PEU in the diagnosis of RE is problematic and a better method is needed to overcome the ambiguity of positive PEU and to identify which patient experience true RE.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>A cohort of patients underwent an examination for RE over a two-year period at a single specialist centre. All patients underwent SBA and semen analysis. Sperm was investigated in urine aspirated from the bladder and in PEU.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Thirty-two patients (age range 18-62 years) underwent SBA and PEU for investigation of RE. Sperm was detected both in SBA and PEU in 19 patients, while 5 patients revealed sperm only in PEU. The mean number of sperm found in SBA was less than the mean number of sperm observed in PEU in all 19 patients.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>SBA is a reliable and feasible method in the diagnosis of RE and can distinguish the true RE in which sperm flows backward into the bladder from the retained ejaculate in the urethra. The whole ejaculate does not likely flow retrogradely and RE could be a partial leakage of the ejaculate into the bladder.