{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Different types of screen time are associated with low life satisfaction in adolescents across 37 European and North American countries.
{Author}: Khan A;Moni MA;Khan SR;Burton NW;
{Journal}: Scand J Public Health
{Volume}: 51
{Issue}: 6
{Year}: Aug 2023 30
{Factor}: 3.199
{DOI}: 10.1177/14034948221082459
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>Prolonged screen time (ST) is a potential concern for poor wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations of different types of ST with life satisfaction among adolescents.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Data were from 380,446 adolescents (aged 11-15 years, 51% girls) across 37 European and North American countries who completed the 2010 and 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys. Participants reported h/day during free time spent on television, electronic games, and computer/other devices. Life satisfaction was assessed using a 10-point scale (low life satisfaction ⩽5).<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Generalized additive modelling showed non-linear associations for each ST type, with low life satisfaction increasing monotonically for >1 h/day of electronic gaming or computer/other device and >2 h/day of watching television. Multilevel multivariable modelling showed that >4 h/day of watching television was associated with 26% higher odds for boys (OR 1.26; 95% CI:1.21-1.32) and 52% higher odds for girls (1.52; 1.46-1.59) of low life satisfaction than for ⩽1 h/day of television. Electronic gaming >4 h/day was associated with low life satisfaction with odds 42% higher in boys (1.42, 1.36-1.48) and 69% higher in girls (1.69, 1.61-1.76). A similar association was found for >4 h/day of computer/other device for boys (1.43, 1.37-1.49) and girls (1.71, 1.65-1.77).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>
            Low levels of ST may be beneficial; however, prolonged periods are associated with low life satisfaction among adolescents, in particular among girls. Results support ⩽2 h/day restriction of ST and highlight research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of ST and wellbeing, which may not reflect active versus passive content.