{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Inflammatory Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Regulated by Type 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity.
{Author}: Omata Y;Frech M;Saito T;Schett G;Zaiss MM;Tanaka S;
{Journal}: Int J Mol Sci
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: Jan 2022 20
{Factor}: 6.208
{DOI}: 10.3390/ijms23031104
{Abstract}: While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2 immunity exerts regulatory functions on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and also on bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence of the regulatory role of type 2 immunity in arthritis and bone. Key type 2 cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, but also others such as IL-5, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, exert regulatory properties on arthritis, dampening inflammation and inducing resolution of joint swelling. Furthermore, these cytokines share anti-osteoclastogenic properties and thereby reduce bone resorption and protect bone. Cellular effectors of this action are both T cells (i.e., Th2 and Th9 cells), but also non-T cells, like type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Key regulatory actions mediated by type 2 cytokines and immune cells on both inflammation as well as bone homeostasis are discussed.