{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Biomimetic Graphene/Spongin Scaffolds for Improved Osteoblasts Bioactivity via Dynamic Mechanical Stimulation.
{Author}: Semitela Â;Carvalho S;Fernandes C;Pinto S;Fateixa S;Nogueira HIS;Bdikin I;Completo A;Marques PAAP;Gonçalves G;
{Journal}: Macromol Biosci
{Volume}: 0
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: Oct 2021 5
{Factor}: 5.859
{DOI}: 10.1002/mabi.202100311
{Abstract}: Biomimetics offers excellent prospects for design a novel generation of improved biomaterials. Here the controlled integration of graphene oxide (GO) derivatives with a 3D marine spongin (MS) network is explored to nanoengineer novel smart bio-based constructs for bone tissue engineering. The results point out that 3D MS surfaces can be homogeneously coated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of oppositely charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO. Notably, the GOPEI@MS bionanocomposites present a high structural and mechanical stability under compression tests in wet conditions (shape memory). Dynamic mechanically (2 h of sinusoidal compression cyclic interval (0.5 Hz, 0-10% strain)/14 d) stimulates GOPEI@MS seeded with osteoblast (MC3T3-E1), shows a significant improvement in bioactivity, with cell proliferation being two times higher than under static conditions. Besides, the dynamic assays show that GOPEI@MS bionanocomposites are able to act as mechanical stimulus-responsive scaffolds able to resemble physiological bone extracellular matrix (ECM) requirements by strongly triggering mineralization of the bone matrix. These results prove that the environment created by the system cell-GOPEI@MS is suitable for controlling the mechanisms regulating mechanical stimulation-induced cell proliferation for potential in vivo experimentation.