{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: Paracoccidioidomycosis due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report.
{Author}: Peçanha PM;Bahiense IC;Kruschewsky WLL;Biasutti C;Júnior CUGF;Pinheiro BG;Maifrede SB;Camargo ZP;Rodrigues AM;Grão-Velloso TR;Falqueto A;Gonçalves SS;
{Journal}: Rev Iberoam Micol
{Volume}: 38
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: Jan-Mar 2021
{Factor}: 1.385
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.003
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease in Latin America. In immunocompetent hosts, PCM occurs in two main clinical forms: acute and chronic. However, in HIV-infected patients PCM may show up simultaneous manifestations of acute and chronic forms.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>We present the case of a patient diagnosed with HIV who had disseminated skin lesions and generalized lymphadenopathy, as well as respiratory and central nervous system involvement. The PCM diagnosis was confirmed by direct KOH examination, double immunodiffusion and the isolation of the fungus in samples of an abscess in the subcostal region. The isolate was identified as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 by species-specific PCR using primers for protein-coding gene GP43 (exon 2) followed by PCR-RFLP of the alpha-tubulin gene.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>There are few data in literature reporting species-specific molecular identification of Paracoccidioides in HIV/PCM patients. Therefore, this case report may contribute to improve the knowledge about this severe disease, its causative cryptic species, and its consequences to patients.