{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Atrial Septal Defect.
{Author}: Bradley EA;Zaidi AN;
{Journal}: Cardiol Clin
{Volume}: 38
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: Aug 2020
{Factor}: 2.41
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.04.001
{Abstract}: Atrial septal defects are common congenital heart defects, characterized by insufficient/absent tissue at the interatrial septum. An unrepaired defect may be associated with right heart volume overload, atrial arrhythmia or pulmonary arterial hypertension. The 3 major types of atrial septal defect are: ostium secundum defect, ostium primum defect, and sinus venosus. Characteristic physical findings include a midsystolic pulmonary flow or ejection murmur, accompanied by a fixed split-second heart sound. Small defects may spontaneously close; larger defects may persist and result in hemodynamic and clinical sequelae requiring percutaneous or surgical intervention. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension is a contraindication to closure.