{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Children's self-reports of fear and pain levels during needle procedures.
{Author}: Hedén L;von Essen L;Ljungman G;
{Journal}: Nurs Open
{Volume}: 7
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: 01 2020
{Factor}: 1.942
{DOI}: 10.1002/nop2.399
{Abstract}: The objective was to determine the levels of and potential relationships between, procedure-related fear and pain in children.<BR>Clinical based cross-sectional.<BR>Ninety children aged between 7-18 years were included consecutively and self-reported levels of pain and fear on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) when undergoing routine needle insertion into a subcutaneously implanted intravenous port following topical anaesthesia.<BR>The needle-related fear level was reported to be as high as the needle-related pain level (mean VAS: 14 mm and 12 mm, respectively, N = 90). With fear as the dependent variable, age and pain were significantly associated and explained 16% of the variance. With pain as the dependent variable, fear was significantly associated and explained 11% of the variance. A post hoc analysis indicated that younger children reported their fear levels to be higher than their pain levels.