{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rondônia, Brazil, a region with no history of visceral leishmaniasis.
{Author}: Silva CJD;Mattos CB;Felipin KP;Silva HPJ;Cantanhêde LM;Porrozzi R;Medeiros JF;Ferreira RGM;
{Journal}: Rev Soc Bras Med Trop
{Volume}: 51
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: Sep-Oct 2018
{Factor}: 2.141
{DOI}: 10.1590/0037-8682-0143-2017
{Abstract}: This report describes the first autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rondônia, northern Brazil. A canine resident of the municipality of Cacoal, with clinical signs and symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis, was treated by a veterinarian. Samples were analyzed by a reference laboratory. Dual-path platform (DPP) assay, indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isolation in a culture medium, and direct parasitological analysis were performed. DPP assay, IIT, and ELISA revealed positive results for Leishmania; PCR identified the species as Leishmania infantum. Based on the clinical presentation and test results, canine visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed.