{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS): A perinatal autopsy case report.
{Author}: Gosavi M;Kumar L;Ratnakar A;Bannur H;
{Journal}: Pathol Res Pract
{Volume}: 213
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: Feb 2017
{Factor}: 3.309
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.009
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare anomaly where a partial or complete obstruction of upper airway is seen. As a consequence, the foetus develops enlarged lungs, inverted or flattened diaphragm and ascites. The pathological findings in a case of CHAOS is presented.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>A 28-year-old primigravida presented with a history of 5 months of amenorrhoea. Ultrasonography revealed enlarged echogenic lungs, cardiac mid-position, inverted diaphragm, foetal ascites and talipes of left foot. The parents opted for termination of pregnancy. Foetal autopsy revealed a male foetus with ascites and talipes of left foot. Lungs were massively enlarged, diaphragm was flattened. A dome-shaped cricoid cartilage at the subglottic level was seen as the cause of obstruction.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>CHAOS is a rare anomaly. A foetal autopsy can be helpful in establishing the level and nature of the obstruction and in documenting other associated foetal anomalies.