{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Cloacal Prolapse in Raptors: Review of 16 Cases.
{Author}: Dutton TA;Forbes NA;Carrasco DC;
{Journal}: J Avian Med Surg
{Volume}: 30
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: Jun 2016
{Factor}: 0.641
{DOI}: 10.1647/2015-091
{Abstract}: Sixteen cases of cloacal prolapse in raptors were reviewed in this study. Colonic prolapse was the most common presentation (56% of cases). Red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ) were overrepresented, comprising 66% of colonic prolapse cases. In cases of colonic prolapse, postsurgical stricture formation was a commonly identified complication after resection and anastomosis of the colon. A novel technique was used in 2 cases of colonic prolapse, in which sterile, semirigid rubber tubing was placed in the distal colon and removed per-cloaca at the end of the procedure; this facilitated a secure, fluid-tight anastomosis while maintaining sufficient intestinal lumen. Oviductal prolapse (31% of cases) was associated with the most guarded prognosis (40% treatment success). Cloacoliths were treated successfully in 2 birds (13% of cases) by minimally invasive per-cloacal manual removal.