{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer.
{Author}: Guinney J;Dienstmann R;Wang X;de Reyniès A;Schlicker A;Soneson C;Marisa L;Roepman P;Nyamundanda G;Angelino P;Bot BM;Morris JS;Simon IM;Gerster S;Fessler E;De Sousa E Melo F;Missiaglia E;Ramay H;Barras D;Homicsko K;Maru D;Manyam GC;Broom B;Boige V;Perez-Villamil B;Laderas T;Salazar R;Gray JW;Hanahan D;Tabernero J;Bernards R;Friend SH;Laurent-Puig P;Medema JP;Sadanandam A;Wessels L;Delorenzi M;Kopetz S;Vermeulen L;Tejpar S;
{Journal}: Nat Med
{Volume}: 21
{Issue}: 11
{Year}: Nov 2015
{Factor}: 87.241
{DOI}: 10.1038/nm.3967
{Abstract}: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently lethal disease with heterogeneous outcomes and drug responses. To resolve inconsistencies among the reported gene expression-based CRC classifications and facilitate clinical translation, we formed an international consortium dedicated to large-scale data sharing and analytics across expert groups. We show marked interconnectivity between six independent classification systems coalescing into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) with distinguishing features: CMS1 (microsatellite instability immune, 14%), hypermutated, microsatellite unstable and strong immune activation; CMS2 (canonical, 37%), epithelial, marked WNT and MYC signaling activation; CMS3 (metabolic, 13%), epithelial and evident metabolic dysregulation; and CMS4 (mesenchymal, 23%), prominent transforming growth factor-β activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. Samples with mixed features (13%) possibly represent a transition phenotype or intratumoral heterogeneity. We consider the CMS groups the most robust classification system currently available for CRC-with clear biological interpretability-and the basis for future clinical stratification and subtype-based targeted interventions.