{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy: what is the role of the cervical canal? A pilot study.
{Author}: Mazzon I;Favilli A;Horvath S;Grasso M;Di Renzo GC;Laurenti E;Bini V;Gerli S;
{Journal}: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
{Volume}: 183
{Issue}: 0
{Year}: Dec 2014
{Factor}: 2.831
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.045
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To evaluate whether a correlation exists between the pain perceived during diagnostic anesthesia-free hysteroscopy and the characteristics of the cervical canal.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Prospective observational pilot study of 255 women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy. Data analysis included characteristics of the patient and the cervical canal, and the pain experience during the procedure, assessed by visual analog score (VAS). A multiple logistic regression was then carried out in order to exclude confounding factors.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>The degree of pain during hysteroscopy was equal to a median VAS score of 2 (range 0-10). Bivariate analysis between patients with VAS>3 and patients with VAS≤3 demonstrated a significant correlation between pain and the presence of synechiae in the cervical canal (P=0.022), the patient's age (P=0.003) and parity (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of cervical synechiae (P=0.0001) [OR=4.99 (95% CI 2.13-11.70)] and parity (P=0.014) [OR=0.42 (95% CI 0.21-0.83)] were significantly correlated with pain. There was no significant correlation with the different angles of the cervical canal.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Cervical synechiae appear as a major factor influencing pain during hysteroscopy. While parity acts as a protective factor, the angle of the cervical canal does not seem to play an important role for pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy.