{Reference Type}: Historical Article
{Title}: Esophageal cancer staging: past, present, and future.
{Author}: Rice TW;Blackstone EH;
{Journal}: Thorac Surg Clin
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 4
{Year}: Nov 2013
暂无{DOI}: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2013.07.004
{Abstract}: TNM cancer staging, conceived 70 years ago, was first applied to the esophagus in 1977. Prior staging was neither data-driven nor harmonized with stomach cancer. Machine-learning analysis of worldwide data addressed these shortcomings in the 7th edition. The 8th edition considers 6 problems in attempting to advance esophageal cancer staging.