{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: Ochronosis, arthroscopy of a black knee: a case report and review of the literature.
{Author}: Raaijmaakers M;Steenbrugge F;Dierickx C;
{Journal}: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc
{Volume}: 16
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: Feb 2008
{Factor}: 4.114
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00167-007-0413-x
{Abstract}: Ochronotic arthropathy is a rare condition found in patients with alkaptonuria. Due to the accumulation of homogentisic acid, cartilages get a dark discoloration and become brittle and more vulnerable to mechanical stress (Centinus et al. Rheumatol Int 3:127-131, 2004; Hamdi et al. Int Orthop 23:122-125, 1999; Phornphutkul, N Engl J Med 347:2111-2121, 2002; Thacker, Arthroscopy 19:14-17, 2003). This case report is about a patient first diagnosed for ochronosis by arthroscopy of the knee. Her brother was having similar complaints during follow-up. Both patients were prescribed to take glucosamine and chondroitine. Although no report is found in the literature, regarding the success of this therapy in patients with ochronosis, both patients reported a positive effect on articular pain and daily activities.