%0 Journal Article
%T Laterality, heterotaxy, and isolated congenital heart defects : The genetic basis of the segmental nature of the heart.
%A Putotto C
%A Pugnaloni F
%A Unolt M
%A Calcagni G
%A Versacci P
%A Marino B
%J Genome Med
%V 16
%N 1
%D 2024 Aug 13
%M 39138574
%F 15.266
%R 10.1186/s13073-024-01375-8
%X To date, the role of NODAL in normal and abnormal L-R asymmetry has been well established. In a recent paper, mutations of this gene have been reported in heterotaxy but also in transposition with D- or L-ventricular loop. The effects of NODAL and other laterality genes can be recognized separately in all three cardiac segments: for topology and septation of the atria, for ventricular looping, and for spiralization and alignment of the great arteries.