%0 Journal Article
%T Potential value of animal microphysiological systems.
%A Brown PC
%A Hooberman BH
%A Skinner BL
%A Wrzesinski C
%A Petibone DM
%A Ford KA
%A Muldoon-Jacobs K
%A Sung KE
%A Valerio LG
%A Sadrieh NN
%A Howard PC
%A Goering PL
%A Skoog SA
%A Fitzpatrick SC
%A Chen T
%A MacGill TC
%A Mendrick DL
%J ALTEX
%V 0
%N 0
%D 2024 Aug 7
%M 39133010
%F 6.25
%R 10.14573/altex.2311141
%X Microphysiological systems (MPS) are designed to recapitulate aspects of tissue/organ physiology in vivo, thereby providing potential value in safety and efficacy assessments of FDA-regulated products and regulatory decision-making. While there have been significant advances in the development, use, and proposals of qualification criteria for human organ MPS, there remains a gap in the development using animal tissues. Animal MPS may be of value in many areas including the study of zoonotic diseases, assessment of the safety and efficacy of animal therapeutics, and possibly reduction of the use of animals in regulatory submissions for animal therapeutics. In addition, the development of MPS from various animal species enables comparison to animal in vivo data. This comparison, while not always critical for all contexts of use, could help gain confidence in the use and application of human MPS data for regulatory decision-making and for the potential identification of species-specific effects. The use of animal MPS is consistent with the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) principles of animal use by identifying toxic compounds before conducting in vivo studies and identifying the appropriate species for testing.<BR>Microphysiological systems (MPS) mimic aspects of organs in humans or animals. These systems may provide information useful for FDA-regulated products. While there have been significant advances in the development of MPS made from human cells, there remains a gap in the development of MPS using animal cells. FDA believes animal MPS may be of value in many areas including the study of diseases transmitted from animals to humans, assessment of the safety and efficacy of animal drugs, and reduction of the use of animals in regulatory submissions. The development of animal MPS enables comparison to data from studies conducted in animals. This comparison provides confidence in the use of human MPS data for regulatory decision-making. The use of animal MPS is consistent with the 3Rs principles of animal use by allowing identification of toxic compounds before conducting animal studies and by helping select the appropriate species for further testing.