%0 Journal Article
%T The Burden of Inpatient Hospitalizations with Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample in the US.
%A Kwok CS
%A Qureshi AI
%A Phillips A
%A Lip GYH
%A Hanif W
%A Borovac JA
%J Diagnostics (Basel)
%V 14
%N 15
%D 2024 Jul 25
%M 39125484
%F 3.992
%R 10.3390/diagnostics14151607
%X <B>BACKGROUND: </B>This study aimed to evaluate the burden and impact of cardiac and cerebrovascular disease (CCD) on hospital inpatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).<BR><B>METHODS: </B>This is a retrospective nationwide cohort study of people with T1DM with or without CCD in the US National Inpatient Sample between 2016 and 2019. The in-hospital mortality rates, length of stay (LoS), and healthcare costs were determined.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>A total of 59,860 T1DM patients had a primary diagnosis of CCD and 1,382,934 did not. The median LoS was longer for patients with CCD compared to no CCD (4.6 vs. 3 days). Patients with T1DM and CCD had greater in-hospital mortality compared to those without CCD (4.1% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001). The estimated total care cost for all patients with T1DM with CCD was approximately USD 326 million. The adjusted odds of mortality compared to patients with non-CCD admission was greatest for intracranial hemorrhage (OR 17.37, 95%CI 12.68-23.79), pulmonary embolism (OR 4.39, 95%CI 2.70-7.13), endocarditis (OR 3.46, 95%CI 1.22-9.84), acute myocardial infarction (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.92-2.77), and stroke (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.04-2.09).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>The burden of CCD in patients with T1DM is substantial and significantly associated with increased hospital mortality and high healthcare expenditures.