%0 Journal Article
%T In situ deposition of bismuth on pre-anodized screen-printed electrode for sensitive determination of Cd2+ in water and rice with a portable device.
%A Li Y
%A Wang Z
%A Chen X
%A Yi Z
%A Wang R
%J Sci Rep
%V 14
%N 1
%D 2024 08 8
%M 39117723
%F 4.996
%R 10.1038/s41598-024-69626-7
%X Electrochemical detection is favorable for the rapid and sensitive determination of heavy metal cadmium. However, the detection sensitivity needs to be further improved, and a portable, low-cost device is needed for on-site detection. Herein, an in-situ bismuth modified pre-anodized screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was developed for Cd2+ determination by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The in-situ bismuth modification enhances the enrichment of Cd2+, and together with pre-anodization improve the electron transfer rate of electrode, thus enhancing the detection sensitivity. The electrode modification method combines pre-anodization and in-situ bismuth deposition, which is very easy and effective. Furthermore, a self-made PSoC Stat potentiostat coupled with a stirring device was fabricated for portable and low-cost electrochemical detection. After comprehensive optimization, the developed method can reach a testing time of 3 min, a detection limit of 3.55 μg/L, a linear range of 5-100 μg/L, and a recovery rate of 91.7-107.1% in water and rice samples for Cd2+ determination. Therefore, our method holds great promise for the rapid, sensitive and on-site determination of Cd2+ in food samples.