%0 Journal Article
%T Large Piezoelectricity Induced by Internal Stress in (K,Na)NbO3 Single Crystals.
%A Zhao G
%A Liu L
%A Tian G
%A Yin F
%A Yan Q
%A Wang J
%A Zhu M
%A Jia Z
%A Zheng L
%A Fu X
%A Tao X
%J ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
%V 16
%N 31
%D 2024 Aug 7
%M 39066697
%F 10.383
%R 10.1021/acsami.4c10010
%X Achieving a high piezoelectric response and excellent stability is essential for practical applications of ferroelectric materials. Herein, large piezoelectricity of d33 = 167 pC/N and kt = 0.52 is found in a K0.7Na0.3NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric single crystal without poling, which is comparable to the artificially poled KNN crystals. The large piezoelectricity is maintained up to 196 °C, showing excellent thermal stability. It was demonstrated that the high piezoelectricity is associated with strong self-polarization in the crystals. The strong internal stress formed during crystal growth gives a preferred spontaneous polarization orientation, resulting in a net macro total polarization. In addition, the internal stress also pins domain wall motions and provides a "restoring force" for the domain switching. This work provides a strategy for designing and optimizing the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric materials.