%0 Journal Article
%T Analytical QbD for the optimization of a multimode HPLC method for the investigation of hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem and propranolol release from 3D printed formulation.
%A Samara IM
%A Ntorkou M
%A Gioumouxouzis CI
%A Karavasili C
%A Tzanavaras PD
%A Zacharis CK
%J J Pharm Biomed Anal
%V 248
%N 0
%D 2024 Sep 15
%M 38924878
%F 3.571
%R 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116324
%X Since 3D printing technology is an emerging field in pharmaceutical technology, the present study aimed at the development of a mixed-mode liquid chromatographic method for the separation and determination of hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem, and propranolol to investigate their in-vitro release performance from 3D printed tablets. Due to the unique properties of the mixed-mode stationary phase, the three drugs were separated in less than 8 min under isocratic elution. Method development was accomplished following the Analytical Quality by Design principles and was evaluated using risk assessment and multivariate analysis. The influences of critical method parameters on critical method attributes (were screened using a 2-level fractional factorial design and subsequently optimized through a central composite design. The method operable design region was approved by the establishment of a robust zone using Monte Carlo simulation and capability analysis. The validation of the HPLC method was performed based on the total error concept. The relative bias was varied between ─ 11.6 % and 10.5 % and the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were below 4.4 % in all cases. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.17 - 0.90 μg/mL and were adequate for the specific application. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the studied drugs in in-vitro drug release samples obtained from 3D-printed tablets combining the above-mentioned active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).