%0 Journal Article
%T Emergency Approach to Acute Seizures in Dogs and Cats.
%A Munguia GG
%A Brooks AC
%A Thomovsky SA
%A Thomovsky EJ
%A Rincon A
%A Johnson PA
%J Vet Sci
%V 11
%N 6
%D 2024 Jun 17
%M 38922024
%F 2.518
%R 10.3390/vetsci11060277
%X Seizures are a common presentation seen in small animal practices. Seizures require prompt management including initial interventions for triage, stabilization, and treatment with first-line anticonvulsant (AC) drugs like benzodiazepines. Concurrently, ruling out metabolic or extracranial causes with point-of-care diagnostics can help guide further diagnostics and treatments. Analysis of the history and a physical exam are also necessary to rule out common "look-alikes" that require specific diagnostic workup and treatments. Typically, causes of seizures can be grouped into intracranial and extracranial causes, with the latter being easier to diagnose with commonly available tests. This review presents a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of single seizures, cluster seizures, and status epilepticus in dogs and cats.