%0 Journal Article
%T Neuromodulation of inhibitory control using phase-lagged transcranial alternating current stimulation.
%A Kim Y
%A Lee JH
%A Park JC
%A Kwon J
%A Kim H
%A Seo J
%A Min BK
%J J Neuroeng Rehabil
%V 21
%N 1
%D 2024 May 30
%M 38816860
%F 5.208
%R 10.1186/s12984-024-01385-y
%X <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a prominent non-invasive brain stimulation method for modulating neural oscillations and enhancing human cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individualized theta tACS delivered in-phase and out-of-phase between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) during inhibitory control performance.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The participants engaged in a Stroop task with phase-lagged theta tACS over individually optimized high-density electrode montages targeting the dACC and lDLPFC. We analyzed task performance, event-related potentials, and prestimulus electroencephalographic theta and alpha power.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>We observed significantly reduced reaction times following out-of-phase tACS, accompanied by reduced frontocentral N1 and N2 amplitudes, enhanced parieto-occipital P1 amplitudes, and pronounced frontocentral late sustained potentials. Out-of-phase stimulation also resulted in significantly higher prestimulus frontocentral theta and alpha activity.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>These findings suggest that out-of-phase theta tACS potently modulates top-down inhibitory control, supporting the feasibility of phase-lagged tACS to enhance inhibitory control performance.