%0 Journal Article
%T Comprehensive Clinical Examination of ACL Injuries.
%A Kantrowitz DE
%A Colvin A
%J Clin Sports Med
%V 43
%N 3
%D 2024 Jul
%M 38811112
%F 2.186
%R 10.1016/j.csm.2023.08.001
%X A comprehensive clinical examination of the potentially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee should proceed as follows: inspection; palpation; range of motion; varus and valgus stress; neurovascular status; and finally provocative maneuvers. The Lachman, anterior drawer, Lever, and pivot shift tests are all greater than 90% specific for ACL pathology. Due to the relatively high coincidence of ACL injuries and those to the posterior cruciate ligament, posterolateral corner , posteromedial corner , and menisci, it is critical that the examiner perform provocative maneuvers to evaluate the integrity of these structures as well.