%0 Journal Article
%T Bonding states of gold/silver plasmonic nanostructures and sulfur-containing active biological ingredients in biomedical applications: a review.
%A Esmailzadeh F
%A Taheri-Ledari R
%A Salehi MM
%A Zarei-Shokat S
%A Ganjali F
%A Mohammadi A
%A Zare I
%A Kashtiaray A
%A Jalali F
%A Maleki A
%J Phys Chem Chem Phys
%V 26
%N 23
%D 2024 Jun 12
%M 38807475
%F 3.945
%R 10.1039/d3cp04131j
%X As one of the most instrumental components in the architecture of advanced nanomedicines, plasmonic nanostructures (mainly gold and silver nanomaterials) have been paid a lot of attention. This type of nanomaterial can absorb light photons with a specific wavelength and generate heat or excited electrons through surface resonance, which is a unique physical property. In innovative biomaterials, a significant number of theranostic (therapeutic and diagnostic) materials are produced through the conjugation of thiol-containing ingredients with gold and silver nanoparticles (Au and Ag NPs). Hence, it is essential to investigate Au/Ag-S interfaces precisely and determine the exact bonding states in the active nanobiomaterials. This study intends to provide useful insights into the interactions between Au/Ag NPs and thiol groups that exist in the structure of biomaterials. In this regard, the modeling of Au/Ag-S bonding in active biological ingredients is precisely reviewed. Then, the physiological stability of Au/Ag-based plasmonic nanobioconjugates in real physiological environments (pharmacokinetics) is discussed. Recent experimental validation and achievements of plasmonic theranostics and radiolabelled nanomaterials based on Au/Ag-S conjugation are also profoundly reviewed. This study will also help researchers working on biosensors in which plasmonic devices deal with the thiol-containing biomaterials (e.g., antibodies) inside blood serum and living cells.