%0 Systematic Review
%T Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
%A Ceolin C
%A Limongi F
%A Siviero P
%A Trevisan C
%A Noale M
%A Catalani F
%A Conti S
%A Di Rosa E
%A Perdixi E
%A Remelli F
%A Prinelli F
%A Maggi S
%J Int J Environ Res Public Health
%V 21
%N 5
%D 2024 May 2
%M 38791798
%F 4.614
%R 10.3390/ijerph21050583
%X <B>BACKGROUND: </B>The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>A search in scientific databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies from inception to 8 February 2023. We performed a random effects meta-analysis of those studies reporting (a) means of sleep duration, time in bed (TIB), and sleep timing (bedtime and wake-up time); (b) the percentages of atypical sleep duration before and during the lockdown; (c) the percentages of change in sleep duration and sleep timing.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>A total of 154 studies were included. A small increase in sleep duration (0.25 standardized mean difference, 95% CI 0.180-0.315) was found, with 55.0% of the individuals reporting changes, predominantly an increase (35.2%). The pooled relative risk for sleeping more than 8/9 h per night was 3.31 (95% IC 2.60-4.21). There was a moderately significant delay in sleep timing and a surge in napping.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>An increase in sleep duration and napping, and delayed sleep timing were observed. High-quality studies should evaluate whether these parameters have now become chronic or have returned to pre-lockdown values.