%0 Journal Article
%T Immune-mediated Equine Vasculopathies.
%A Bozorgmanesh R
%J Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
%V 40
%N 2
%D 2024 Aug 23
%M 38789348
%F 2.203
%R 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.002
%X Immune-mediated vasculopathies occur secondary to infection or another noninfectious stimulus. Potential triggers include heterologous antigens including viruses, injected proteins and drugs; or auto-antigens including immunoglobulins or other endogenous proteins. Although these conditions are rare in horses, immune-mediated vasculopathies can cause considerable morbidity, with variable clinical signs depending on severity and organ system affected. Examples include purpura hemorrhagica, systemic lupus erythematosus, drug-induced vasculitis, paraneoplastic vasculitis, and idiopathic immune-mediated vasculitis. Diagnosis is presumptive or based on histopathology of skin biopsies if cutaneous signs are present. Treatment relies on removing the inciting cause, immunosuppression, and supportive care.