%0 Journal Article
%T Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate: Out of the shadows and into the spotlight.
%A Ray J
%A Sapp DG
%A Fairn GD
%J Curr Opin Cell Biol
%V 88
%N 0
%D 2024 Jun 21
%M 38776601
%F 8.386
%R 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102372
%X Phosphoinositide 3-kinases regulate many cellular functions, including migration, growth, proliferation, and cell survival. Early studies equated the inhibition of Class I PI3Ks with loss of; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), but over time, it was realised that these; treatments also depleted phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). In recent years, the; use of better tools and an improved understanding of its metabolism have allowed for the; identification of specific roles of PI(3,4)P2. This includes the production of PI(3,4)P2 and the; activation of its effector Akt2 in response to growth factor signalling. In contrast, a lysosomal pool of PI(3,4)P2 is a negative regulator of mTORC1 during growth factor deprivation. A growing body of literature also demonstrates that PI(3,4)P2 controls many dynamic plasmalemmal processes. The significance of PI(3,4)P2 in cell biology is increasingly evident.