%0 Journal Article
%T Associations of Ambient Particulate Matter with Maternal Thyroid Autoimmunity and Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy.
%A Zhang E
%A Zhang Z
%A Chen G
%A Zhang YT
%A Su S
%A Gao S
%A Xie S
%A Liu J
%A Zhang Y
%A Yue W
%A Wu Q
%A Chen Y
%A Yang BY
%A Guo Y
%A Liu R
%A Dong GH
%A Yin C
%J Environ Sci Technol
%V 58
%N 21
%D 2024 May 28
%M 38743497
%F 11.357
%R 10.1021/acs.est.3c10191
%X This prospective birth cohort study evaluated the association of exposure to PM2.5 (diameter ≤2.5 μm), PM1-2.5 (1-2.5 μm), and PM1 (≤1 μm) with maternal thyroid autoimmunity and function during early pregnancy. A total of 15,664 pregnant women were included at 6 to 13+6 gestation weeks in China from 2018 to 2020. Single-pollutant models using generalized linear models (GLMs) showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 was related with 6% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.12) and 15% (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) increases in the risk of thyroid autoimmunity, respectively. The odds of thyroid autoimmunity significantly increased with each interquartile range increase in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 exposure (P for trend <0.001). PM1 exposure was not significantly associated with thyroid autoimmunity. GLM with natural cubic splines demonstrated that increases in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 exposure were associated with lower maternal FT4 levels, while a negative association between PM1 and FT4 levels was found when exposure exceeded 32.13 μg/m3. Only PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Our findings suggest that high PM exposure is associated with maternal thyroid disruption during the early pregnancy.