%0 Journal Article
%T Leukotriene-modifying agents may increase the risk of depression: A cross-sectional study.
%A Yan J
%A Sun H
%A Xin X
%A Huang T
%A Shen J
%J J Affect Disord
%V 356
%N 0
%D 2024 Jul 1
%M 38663558
%F 6.533
%R 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.095
%X <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Post-market monitoring has shown a potential link between the use of leukotriene-modifying agents (LTRAs) and an increased risk of neuropsychiatric events, such as depression. However, observational studies have produced inconsistent findings, offering no definitive conclusions.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To assess the potential correlation between LTRAs exposure and depression in US adults.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>This cross-sectional study, based on population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016 cycle. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between LTRAs exposure and depression. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted, with the calculation of the E-value. Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the influence of LTRAs on mechanisms of depression.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Among the 9414 participants, 595 (6.3 %) were classified as having depression. LTRAs exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (16.9 % vs. 6.0 %). The multivariable logistic regression results showed that LTRAs use increased the risk of depression (OR = 1.70; 95 % CI, 1.05-2.75). An association between LTRAs exposure and depression was found in sensitivity analyses conducted regardless of multivariable linear regression with the PHQ-9 score as a continuous variable (β = 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.44-1.50) or multivariable logistic regression with the PHQ-9 cut-off of 5 (OR = 1.52; 95 % CI, 1.08-2.14). The association between LTRAs and depression was stable in the different subgroups.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>LTRAs exposure is positively associated with depression in US adults. Therefore, the risk for depression in patients receiving long-term LTRAs treatment should be considered.