%0 Journal Article
%T Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Disabling Dementia: Japan Public Health Center Disabling Dementia Study.
%A Kishida R
%A Yamagishi K
%A Iso H
%A Ishihara J
%A Yasuda N
%A Inoue M
%A Tsugane S
%A Sawada N
%A  
%J J Nutr
%V 154
%N 6
%D 2024 Jun 8
%M 38599388
%F 4.687
%R 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.008
%X <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Fruits and vegetables contain abundant amounts of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, α-carotene, and β-carotene. Few prospective observational studies have investigated the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of dementia, and the results are inconsistent.<BR><B>OBJECTIVE: </B>Our aim was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of disabling dementia.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>We conducted a follow-up survey within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study involving 42,643 individuals aged 50-79 y at baseline (2000-2003). Dietary fruit and vegetable intakes and related antioxidant vitamin intakes (i.e., α-carotene, β-carotene, and vitamin C) were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The diagnosis of disabling dementia was made based on the daily living disability status related to dementia under the Japanese long-term care insurance program from 2006 to 2016. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounding factors.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>A total of 4994 cases of disabling dementia were recorded. We observed an inverse association between total fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of dementia among males and females: the multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of intake were 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) (P- trend = 0.05) among males and 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) (P- trend = 0.006) among females. Among antioxidant vitamins, vitamin C intake was inversely associated with the risk of dementia among males and females: the multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of intake were 0.71 (0.61, 0.84) (P- trend < 0.0001) among males, and 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) (P- trend < 0.0001) among females.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Fruit and vegetable intake and dietary intake of vitamin C may contribute to reducing the risk of disabling dementia among males and females.