%0 Journal Article
%T Extraction of three-dimensional shapes in glaucoma patients in response to monocular depth cues.
%A Sawamura H
%A Asaoka R
%A Murata H
%A Ando E
%A Gillebert CR
%J Jpn J Ophthalmol
%V 68
%N 3
%D 2024 May 10
%M 38598144
%F 2.211
%R 10.1007/s10384-024-01054-6
%X <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>To assess the impact of glaucoma on perceiving three-dimensional (3D) shapes based on monocular depth cues.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Clinical observational study.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>Twenty glaucoma patients, subjected to binocular visual-field sensitivity (binocular-VFS) tests using a Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers, underwent two tasks: identifying the nearest vertex of a 3D shape using monocular shading (3D-SfS), texture (3D-SfT), or motion (3D-SfM) cues, and distinguishing elementary one-dimensional (1D) features of these cues. The association of the visual-field index (VFI) of binocular-VFS with 3D shape perception in glaucoma patients was also examined.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Glaucoma patients demonstrated reduced accuracy in distinguishing 1D luminance brightness and a larger "error-in-depth" between the perceived and actual depths for 3D-SfM and 3D-SfS compared to healthy volunteers. Six glaucoma patients with a 100% VFI for binocular-VFS exhibited a similar error-in-depth to the other fourteen glaucoma patients; they had a larger error-in-depth for 3D-SfM compared to healthy volunteers. No correlation between the error-in-depth values and the VFI values of binocular-VFS was observed.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>The 3D shape perception in glaucoma patients varies based on the depth cue's characteristics. Impaired 1D discrimination and larger thresholds for 3D-SfM in glaucoma patients with a 100% VFI for binocular-VFS indicate more pronounced perceptual deficits of lower-level elementary features for 3D-SfS and higher-level visual processing of 3D shapes for 3D-SfM. The effects of the location and degree of binocular visual-field defects on 3D shape perception remain to be elucidated. Our research provides insights into the 3D shape extraction mechanism in glaucoma.