%0 Journal Article
%T Simulation-guided development of advanced PID control algorithm for skin cooling in radiofrequency lipolysis.
%A Wang B
%A Zang L
%A Lu Y
%A Zhan M
%A Sun T
%A Zhou Y
%A Song C
%J Biomed Mater Eng
%V 35
%N 3
%D 2024 Feb 21
%M 38517766
%F 1.234
%R 10.3233/BME-230185
%X <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>The clinical outcomes of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) lipolysis, a prevalent non-invasive fat reduction procedure, hinge on the delicate balance between effective lipolysis and patient safety, with skin overheating and subsequent tissue damage as primary concerns.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>This study aimed to investigate a novel bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis technique, safeguarding the skin through an innovative PID temperature control algorithm.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, a two-dimensional fat and skin tissue model was established, simulating various PID temperature control schemes. The crux of the simulation involved a comparative analysis of different PID temperatures at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C and constant power strategies, assessing their implications on skin temperature. Concurrently, a custom bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis device was developed, with ex vivo experiments conducted using porcine tissue for empirical validation.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>The findings indicated that with PID settings of Kp = 7, Ki = 2, and Kd = 0, and skin temperature control at 45 °C or 50 °C, the innovative PID-based epidermal temperature control strategy successfully maintained the epidermal temperature within a safe range. This maintenance was achieved without compromising the effectiveness of RF lipolysis, significantly reducing the risk of thermal damage to the skin layers.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Our research confirms the substantial practical utility of this advanced PID-based bipolar RF lipolysis technique in clinical aesthetic procedures, enhancing patient safety during adipose tissue ablation therapies.