%0 Journal Article
%T Risk factors for incident cardiovascular events and their population attributable fractions in rural India: The Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study.
%A Birhanu MM
%A Zengin A
%A Joshi R
%A Evans RG
%A Kalyanram K
%A Kartik K
%A Riddell MA
%A Suresh O
%A Srikanth VK
%A Arabshahi S
%A Thomas N
%A Thrift AG
%J Trop Med Int Health
%V 29
%N 5
%D 2024 May 25
%M 38403844
%F 3.918
%R 10.1111/tmi.13981
%X <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>We prospectively determined incident cardiovascular events and their association with risk factors in rural India.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>We followed up with 7935 adults from the Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study to identify incident cardiovascular events. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between potential risk factors and cardiovascular events. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for risk factors were estimated using R ('averisk' package).<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Of the 4809 participants without prior cardiovascular disease, 57.7% were women and baseline mean age was 45.3 years. At follow-up (median of 4.9 years, 23,180 person-years [PYs]), 202 participants developed cardiovascular events, equating to an incidence of 8.7 cardiovascular events/1000 PYs. Incidence was greater in those with hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] 1.73 [1.21-2.49], adjusted PAF 18%), diabetes (1.96 [1.15-3.36], 4%) or central obesity (1.77 [1.23, 2.54], 9%) which together accounted for 31% of the PAF. Non-traditional risk factors such as night sleeping hours and number of children accounted for 16% of the PAF.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Both traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors are important contributors to incident cardiovascular events in rural India. Interventions targeted to these factors could assist in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events.