%0 Journal Article
%T A comprehensive review of the advances in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
%A Siriratnam P
%A Huda S
%A Butzkueven H
%A van der Walt A
%A Jokubaitis V
%A Monif M
%J Autoimmun Rev
%V 22
%N 12
%D 2023 Dec 16
%M 37852514
%F 17.39
%R 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103465
%X Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare relapsing neuroinflammatory autoimmune astrocytopathy, with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord. Most cases are characterised by aquaporin-4-antibody positivity and have a relapsing disease course, which is associated with accrual of disability. Although the prognosis in NMOSD has improved markedly over the past few years owing to advances in diagnosis and therapeutics, it remains a severe disease. In this article, we review the evolution of our understanding of NMOSD, its pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, treatment options and associated symptoms. We also address the gaps in knowledge and areas for future research focus.