%0 Journal Article
%T Cancer immune profiling unveils biomarkers, immunological pathways, and cell type score associated with glioblastoma patients' survival.
%A Moreno DA
%A da Silva LS
%A Gomes I
%A Leal LF
%A Berardinelli GN
%A Gonçalves GM
%A Pereira CA
%A Santana IVV
%A Matsushita MM
%A Bhat K
%A Lawler S
%A Reis RM
%J Ther Adv Med Oncol
%V 14
%N 0
%D 2022
%M 36579028
%F 5.485
%R 10.1177/17588359221127678
%X <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Glioblastoma (GBM), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (IDH wt), and grade 4 astrocytomas, IDH mutant (IDH mut), are the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults. A better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment may provide new biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>We aimed to evaluate the expression profile of 730 immuno-oncology-related genes in patients with IDH wt GBM and IDH mut tumors and identify prognostic biomarkers and a gene signature associated with patient survival.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 99 tumor specimens from patients treated with standard therapy. Gene expression profile was assessed using the Pan-Cancer Immune Profiling Panel (Nanostring Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA). Data analysis was performed using nSolverSoftware and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, we developed a prognostic signature using the cox regression algorithm (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator).<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>We found 88 upregulated genes, high immunological functions, and a high macrophage score in IDH wt GBM compared to IDH mut tumors. Regarding IDH wt GBM, we found 24 upregulated genes in short-term survivors (STS) and overexpression of CD274 (programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1). Immune pathways, CD45, cytotoxic, and macrophage scores were upregulated in STS. Two different prognostic groups were found based on the 12-gene signature (CXCL14, PSEN2, TNFRSF13C, IL13RA1, MAP2K1, TNFSF14, THY1, CTSL, ITGAE, CHUK, CD207, and IFITM1).<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>The elevated expression of immune-oncology-related genes was associated with worse outcome in IDH wt GBM patients. Increased immune functions, CD45, cytotoxic cells, and macrophage scores were associated with a more aggressive phenotype and may provide promising possibilities for therapy. Moreover, a 12 gene-based signature could predict patients' prognosis.