%0 Journal Article
%T Stimuli-Responsive Macromolecular Architecture by Butler Cyclopolymerizations: Synthesis and Applications.
%A Ali SA
%A Al-Muallem HA
%A Mazumder MAJ
%J Chem Rec
%V 23
%N 2
%D Feb 2023
%M 36461736
%F 6.935
%R 10.1002/tcr.202200235
%X This article reviews the synthesis of polyzwitterions (PZs) (poly-carboxybetaines, -phosphonobetaines, and -sulfobetaines) having multiple pH-responsive centers. The synthesis follows the Butler cyclopolymerization protocol involving a multitude of diallylammonium salts and their copolymerization with SO2 and maleic acid. The PZs have been transformed into cationic-, anionic-polyelectrolytes, and polyampholytes under the influence of pH. Particular attention is given to the application of these polymers as antiscalants, mild steel corrosion inhibitors, components in constructing Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPSs), and membrane modifiers. The ATPSs could be used to separate various biomolecules, including proteins. Many amphiphilic polymers incorporating a few mol % hydrophobic monomers have shown enhanced viscosities and could be suitable for applications in oil fields. The progress of applying Butler cyclopolymerization in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry has been discussed. Future works are expected to focus on RAFT cyclopolymerization to construct block copolymers.