%0 Meta-Analysis
%T Effects of Health Coaching on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
%A Kwok ZC
%A Tao A
%A Chan HY
%J Am J Health Promot
%V 37
%N 4
%D 05 2023 2
%M 36322092
%F 2.956
%R 10.1177/08901171221137332
%X To appraise and synthesize evidence on the effects of health coaching as the primary intervention on cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults.<BR>Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane library) were searched from inception until July 2021.<BR>Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials published in English, reporting health coaching aimed to promote behavioral changes for improving cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults were included. Studies on health coaching as secondary intervention were excluded.<BR>Two reviewers selected the articles, appraised the study quality, and extracted data independently. All kinds of outcomes related to cardiometabolic health, including health behaviors, psychological and physiological outcomes, were included.<BR>Meta-analysis was performed if three or more studies reported the same outcomes. Narrative synthesis was performed if pooling of data for meta-analysis was not feasible.<BR>Eight studies were reviewed. Most studies involved substantial risk of bias. The majority of the participants were women (99.1%). Meta-analysis showed a small but significant effect of health coaching on increasing physical activity (SMD = .34, 95% CI = .08-.60, p = .01, I2 = 0%); however, its effect on perceived barriers to physical activity and depressive symptoms was nonsignificant. Narrative synthesis yielded inconsistent results on diet, smoking, anxiety, goal achievement and self-efficacy for behavioral change, physiological outcomes, and metabolic syndrome severity, and nonsignificant effects on alcohol consumption, sleep quality, perceived benefits of physical activities, and cardiovascular symptoms.<BR>Health coaching has significant effects on increasing physical activity among middle-aged adults; however, its effects on health behaviors and risk factors related to cardiometabolic health are inconclusive. Further efforts are warranted to examine how health coaching can improve cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults.