%0 Journal Article
%T Clinical Features and Evolution of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter International Cohort and Systematic Literature Review.
%A Scorr LM
%A Cho HJ
%A Kilic-Berkmen G
%A McKay JL
%A Hallett M
%A Klein C
%A Baumer T
%A Berman BD
%A Feuerstein JS
%A Perlmutter JS
%A Berardelli A
%A Ferrazzano G
%A Wagle-Shukla A
%A Malaty IA
%A Jankovic J
%A Bellows ST
%A Barbano RL
%A Vidailhet M
%A Roze E
%A Bonnet C
%A Mahajan A
%A LeDoux MS
%A Fung VSC
%A Chang FCF
%A Defazio G
%A Ercoli T
%A Factor S
%A Wojno T
%A Jinnah HA
%J Dystonia
%V 1
%N 0
%D 2022
%M 36248010
暂无%R 10.3389/dyst.2022.10359
%X <B>UNASSIGNED: </B>Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia where the diagnosis is often delayed because its varied clinical manifestations are not well recognized. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive picture of its clinical features including presenting features, motor features, and non-motor features.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>This was a two-part study. The first part involved a systematic literature review that summarized clinical features for 10,324 cases taken from 41 prior reports. The second part involved a summary of clinical features for 884 cases enrolled in a large multicenter cohort collected by the Dystonia Coalition investigators, along with an analysis of the factors that contribute to the spread of dystonia beyond the periocular region.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>For cases in the literature and the Dystonia Coalition, blepharospasm emerged in the 50s and was more frequent in women. Many presented with non-specific motor symptoms such as increased blinking (51.9%) or non-motor sensory features such as eye soreness or pain (38.7%), photophobia (35.5%), or dry eyes (10.7%). Non-motor psychiatric features were also common including anxiety disorders (34-40%) and depression (21-24%). Among cases presenting with blepharospasm in the Dystonia Coalition cohort, 61% experienced spread of dystonia to other regions, most commonly the oromandibular region and neck. Features associated with spread included severity of blepharospasm, family history of dystonia, depression, and anxiety.<BR><B>UNASSIGNED: </B>This study provides a comprehensive summary of motor and non-motor features of blepharospasm, along with novel insights into factors that may be responsible for its poor diagnostic recognition and natural history.