%0 Case Reports
%T Clinical Presentation of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1-Associated Pneumonia and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review.
%A Ishikawa K
%A Nakamura T
%A Matsuo T
%A Kawai F
%A Murakami H
%A Aoki K
%A Nagasawa T
%A Uehara Y
%A Mori N
%J Am J Case Rep
%V 23
%N 0
%D Jul 2022 12
%M 35819928
暂无%R 10.12659/AJCR.936309
%X BACKGROUND We report a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1 and review the existing literature to identify risk factors and determine the prognosis of patients with Legionella pneumonia-associated DAH. CASE REPORT A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital following the presentation of dyspnea for a few days. Chest computed tomography (CT) findings revealed "crazy-paving" pattern in the right upper lobe implicating DAH and consolidation in the lower lobe. Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed DAH, with further analyses identifying L. pneumophila SG 1 as the causative agent. The patient was successfully treated with levofloxacin and a red blood cell transfusion and discharged on the 32nd day of hospitalization. A literature review of 6 reported cases (including our case) of Legionella pneumonia-associated DAH revealed that the median age of patients with DAH was 59 years (range, 44-75 years), involving female patients in 4 cases (67%) and the use of immunosuppressive drugs in 2 cases (33%). Three cases were BAL Legionella polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive and 4 cases were diagnosed using a urinary Legionella antigen test (one case was simultaneously PCR-positive). These infections were caused by L. pneumophila SG 1 in three cases and SG 3 in one case. Mechanical ventilation was used in 5 cases (83%) and one patient had an unfavorable prognosis. Steroids for DAH were used in 5 cases (83%), and 2 cases responded to this treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our case highlights that clinicians should be aware of Legionella spp. as a cause of DAH in an immunocompetent host with "crazy-paving" pattern on chest CT, and perform a urinary antigen test and BAL PCR for diagnosis.